The Sentence That Attacks Itself: Center-Embedding
The sentence "The rat the cat the dog chased ate died" is perfectly grammatical, yet it feels like a cognitive car crash. This baffling construction is an example of center-embedding,…
Linguistics
The Language of Loss: Linguistic Patterns in Dementia
Dementia does more than steal memories; it systematically unravels the very fabric of language. This post explores the specific linguistic patterns that emerge, from the curious case of "thingamajigs" and…
The Limits of Truth: What Are Vague Predicates?
When does a 'heap' of sand stop being a heap after you remove one grain at a time? This is the puzzle of vague predicates, a fascinating quirk of language…
Linguistic Implicature: What We Mean, Not What We Say
Have you ever understood someone's "no" even when they didn't say the word? This is linguistic implicature, the art of reading between the lines that makes our conversations work. This…
The Logic of ‘Doch’: Germany’s Magic Word
German learners are often baffled by tiny words like 'doch'. This post unpacks the world of German modal particles, the linguistic "spice" that doesn't change a sentence's literal meaning but…
Can AI Detect Irony? The Sarcasm Problem
Teaching a machine that "Oh, great" can mean the exact opposite is one of the toughest challenges in artificial intelligence. We explore the complex linguistic cues humans use effortlessly—from tone…
The Data Drought: Why Some Languages Are Invisible to AI
Why can AI translate French perfectly but struggles with Navajo or Swahili? The answer lies in the "data drought", a massive digital divide where a few "high-resource" languages have an…
What is Diachronic Analysis in NLP?
Language is constantly evolving, and now, computers can map its journey. Diachronic analysis is the fascinating field where AI sifts through centuries of text to uncover how words like 'awful'…
The Shape of a Word: Intro to Word Embeddings
How does a computer understand that "king" is to "queen" as "man" is to "woman"? We dive into the magic of word embeddings, a powerful technique that turns words into…
The Brain’s Filing Cabinet: What is a Lemma?
Ever had a word on the tip of your tongue? This frustrating moment is a perfect window into the brain's speech production system, and it all comes down to a…
The Dene-Yeniseian Bridge: A Tale of Two Continents
Could the Navajo language of the American Southwest be related to a remote Siberian tongue spoken by only a few dozen people? The groundbreaking Dene-Yeniseian hypothesis proposes just that—a linguistic…
Before English: The Echoes of Brythonic
Long before Old English was spoken, the island of Britain resonated with the sounds of another tongue: Brythonic. While the Anglo-Saxon conquest nearly wiped it from the map, this ancient…
Linguistic Exogamy: Marrying Out to Survive
In certain Amazonian societies, there's a strict rule: you cannot marry someone who speaks your own language. This practice, known as linguistic exogamy, creates entire communities where multilingualism isn't just…
Are There Any Absolute Language Universals?
For decades, linguists have searched for features shared by all 7,000+ human languages, a quest for a "Universal Grammar." But from languages that may lack nouns to those that challenge…
More Than a Suffix: The World of Clitics
What do 'll in "we'll" and 's in "cat's" have in common? They are clitics—phonologically weak words that can't stand alone and must attach to a host. This post explores…
The Fossil in ‘Sing, Sang, Sung’: Ablaut
Ever wonder why we say "I sing" but "I sang" and "I have sung"? These aren't just random, annoying exceptions to the "-ed" rule; they're living fossils. This ancient system…
The Vowel’s Shadow: Parasitic Vowels
Have you ever wondered why some non-native speakers say "espeak" for "speak"? This isn't just an error, but a linguistic phenomenon called epenthesis, where a "parasitic vowel" is inserted. This…
When ‘S’ Became ‘R’: The Story of Rhotacism
Ever wondered why the Latin word for 'honor' is honos but its other forms use the stem honor-? This isn't a random irregularity but a fossilized piece of linguistic history…
Gender-Neutral Pronouns in Romance
Grammatical gender is a core feature of Romance languages, making gender-neutral expression a complex puzzle. Yet, from the rise of 'elle' in Spanish to the inclusion of 'iel' in French…
How Roman Soldiers Spread Their Language
The spread of Latin wasn't just the work of poets and senators; it was carried across Europe on the hobnailed sandals of Roman legionaries. Their everyday speech, a "common" or…