The Grammar of Evidentials in Quechua
In Quechua, it’s grammatically impossible to state a fact without also specifying how you know it. This fascinating system of "evidentiality" uses suffixes like -mi (for direct experience), -si (for…
Tag: evidentiality
The Two Pasts of Bulgarian: Witnessed vs. Unwitnessed
In most languages, the past is simply the past. But in Bulgarian, your grammar forces you to specify your source: did you see an event yourself, or are you just…
I Heard, I Saw, I Inferred: The Linguistic World of Evidentials
In English, we use optional phrases like "I heard" or "I saw" to show how we know something. But in many languages, this information is mandatory and baked directly into…